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Landslides vs. Rock strength
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Landslides are a major geologic hazard in many locations around the globe. They are considered a mass-wasting process, the most common of which are debris flows, hill slides, and rock falls.〔 These events can take place over the course of several years of creeping but powerful movement, or in a matter of a few devastatingly destructive moments. There are several factors relating to structural geology that correlate directly to landslide occurrences. One major factor pertaining to landslides is rock strength. Rock strength is defined by stress/strain relationships, pore fluid pressure, and confining pressure.〔, A.K., Schuster, L.R. 1996. Landslides: Investigation and Mitigation, Abstract〕 Stronger, more dense rocks are not as likely to be involved in a rock slide or landslide than porous less dense rocks that can be easily saturated with water. In Utah the groundwater level is continually fluctuating, making the area particularly susceptible to landslides.〔 As water saturates the ground, making it softer and heavier, the stress/strain relationships experienced by the rocks increases considerably. The strength of a rock can be defined by its Mohr Circle, and its corresponding failure envelope. Once conditions are reached which place a rock over its failure envelope, it will experience deformation.
There are two main types of deformation which rocks undergo and both are pertinent to landslides. If a rock behaves elastically and experiences micro fractures involved with tiny slip movements in the rock, cohesive strength is still somewhat maintained, and a slide might be temporarily prevented. However, if a rock undergoes brittle deformation and breaks into pieces, a landslide is much more likely to occur. Stress and strain conditions associated with rocks and their failure envelopes differ between rock types, but they have been studied extensively in laboratories because the implications of these data have relevance in every scope of geology.
==Landslide events in Utah==
A recent publication done by the Utah Geologic Survey reports the occurrence of over 22,000 landslide activities throughout the state over the recent geologic past.〔http://geology.utah.gov/utahgeo/hazards/landslide/index.htm〕 There have been several major landslide events in Utah county over the last 25 years which have caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damages and property loss. Below is information pertaining to the Thistle, Utah landslide and the (Cedar Hills, Utah ) landslide (active).
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